The energy sector is one of the most important sectors of activity, with an significant impact both on the economy and also on the environment. This paper aims to analyse and evaluate the major economic and environmental issues associated with the energy sector. Among the environmental aspects are analysed those related with the extraction, transport and storage of fossil fuels, the combustion of fossil fuels and the aspects concerning the management of wastes generated by the energy sector. The economic aspects related with the energy sector that are reviewed are the increase of energy consumption, the limited resources of fuels, the significant fluctuation with a growth tendency of the price, the dependence on imports
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